As we've explored in Protocol I article, protocols define a blueprint of methods, properties, and other requirements for particular functionalities. When developing complex applications, you may want to combine multiple protocols to create more flexible and reusable components. This is where protocol composition becomes extremely useful.
What is Protocol Composition?
Protocol composition is the ability to combine multiple protocols into a single type requirement. By doing this, you can require that a type conforms to multiple protocols without defining a new protocol or type. This approach keeps your codebase lightweight and flexible, making it easier to add, change, or remove requirements as your application grows.
In Swift, you can create a protocol composition by using the & operator. This operator lets you specify that a type should conform to multiple protocols, such as ProtocolA & ProtocolB. Here’s a simple example:
protocol Drivable {
func drive()
}
protocol Fuelable {
var fuelLevel: Int { get }
}
func startTrip(vehicle: Drivable & Fuelable) {
if vehicle.fuelLevel > 0 {
vehicle.drive()
print("Trip started!")
} else {
print("Not enough fuel to start the trip.")
}
}
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